Nickel, Dimed, and the society

Signal Role in Mission Command - Research Paper Example Troops must be associated routinely to satellite-based correspondence. This implies for viable order and control, power arrangement can just occur in the face appropriate data correspondence advances creating on the planet. The fundamental obligation of the Signal Regiment is to guarantee that the Army is effectively changed into a data innovation period and new specialized devices are as a rule appropriately used. As per Rutt and Jette (2003), the expanding requirement for joint-administration tasks underscores the necessity for utilizing basic sound, symbolism and information signals and systems for all warfighters. The goal is a faultless worldwide framework where signs can be moved between clients securely and effectively in a manner reasonable to the client (McGrath, 2006). The principle point of interchanges innovation apparatuses is to ensure the administrator and staff consistent safe correspondences during activity and on the cutting edges. To accomplish this, the foundation of fight labs for rising battle improvements has made noteworthy jumps on this front, particularly in most created nations, for example, the United States. Innovation is known to change quicker in interchanges and computerization than new development. Considering this, developing advances will in general be centered more around the work force, for example, quick prototyping and preliminaries by fighters in a pragmatic manner. Satellite-based Communication A satellite-based sign transmission framework for battle trucks is as of now under assessment. Lighter, modest, portable and progressively powerful frameworks are the impression for future battleground correspondences. As of now the preliminaries are continuous on Mounted Battle Command moving frameworks controlled by satellite correspondences that will offer broadband signs and interchanges to a leader on the combat zone (Bullock, &Marshall, 2011). The innovation will utilize lighter, small, and less expensive tracks with adv ancements mounted on it to improve correspondences for the fight to come orders progressing. In any case, the improvement of devices that will for all intents and purposes work in antagonistic battle condition is as yet a test to the producers. Future sign transmissions will observer the arrangement of little satellite beneficiaries on military trucks, particularly those that are intended for order and control procedure on the combat zones (McGrath, 2006). The principle point of these tasks is to interface countless these trucks utilizing satellites, so the military can work anyplace over the world without hardly lifting a finger. Right now, physical hindrances are an issue on the battlegrounds, and as result commandants are compelled to draw nearer to the cutting edge for successful correspondence (Rutt, and Jette, 2003). Nonetheless, in future, commandants will have the ability to set up a few correspondence channels among them, and the lower-level work force anyplace in the battl e zones. Extended correspondences arrive at Recent encounters in the war on fear based oppression have underlined the need to adjust front line developments to speedy and simpler correspondence (Tyler, 2008). Future interchanges will in this manner have further land reach contrasted with the extent of current correspondences. The as of now restricted reach of correspondences represents a more serious issue to order and control between forward conveyed units and those that are in the back (Bullock, &Marshall, 2011). Current mechanical shortcomings additionally hinder legitimate correspondences with troops

What Kind of Physical Therapy Essay Examples Would Be Appropriate For Medical Specialists?

What Kind of Physical Therapy Essay Examples Would Be Appropriate For Medical Specialists?This is just a small collection of personal statement examples with various types of paragraphs and essays. Some are based on factual information, but some are based on fiction, poetry, fiction, non-fiction, and even philosophical essays.It is common for medical professionals to write, edit, and rewrite their resume before submitting it to schools and prospective employers. However, it is recommended that everyone use a more specific writing system such as the Personal Statement Software System (PSSS) to assist them with this task.In order to be competitive in this competitive market, you must know how to communicate your ideas and how to present yourself and your skills in the most effective manner. That is why it is critical that you use these PSSS examples to help guide you through the process. These programs can also help to prepare you for the different levels of the clinical examination, a s well as the various parts of the admissions process, such as your references and letters of recommendation.Example number one is one based on historical research. In this case, you will be required to state the approximate date that you completed your undergraduate studies as well as any post-graduate work or degrees that you have earned.Example number two is one that is based on a short story. In this example, you will be required to indicate the length of time that you have been writing a specific type of essay. You will also be required to indicate the amount of words that you have written.These physical therapy essay samples with paragraphs do not follow a standard format, but rather they follow a generic form that is as unique as you are. Because of this, you will be able to tailor them to exactly fit your needs and that of your potential employer.Example number three is one that is based on an historical event. In this case, you will be required to state the date and locatio n where the event occurred.The last of these examples is one that is based on a business proposal. In this case, you will be required to demonstrate why you should be the person chosen to perform the job opening.

The story of a blind girl

The story of a blind girl There was a blind girl who hated herself just because she was blind. She hated everyone, except her loving boyfriend. He was always there for her. She said that if she could only see the world, she would marry her boyfriend.One day, someone donated a pair of eyes to her and then she could see everything, including her boyfriend. Her boyfriend asked her, Now that you can see the world, will you marry me?The girl was shocked when she saw that her boyfriend was blind too, and refused to marry him. Her boyfriend walked away in tears, and later wrote a letter to her saying: Just take care of my eyes dear. This is how human brain changes when the status changed. Only few remember what life was before, and whos always been there even in the most painful situations.Life Is A GiftToday before you think of saying an unkind word think of someone who cant speak.Before you complain about the taste of your food think of someone who has nothing to eat.Before you complain about your husband or wife think of someone who is crying out to God for a companion.Today before you complain about life think of someone who went too early to heaven.Before you complain about your children think of someone who desires children but theyre barren.Before you argue about your dirty house, someone didnt clean or sweep think of the people who are living in the streets.Before whining about the distance you drive think of someone who walks the same distance with their feet.And when you are tired and complain about your job think of the unemployed, the disabled and those who wished they had your job.But before you think of pointing the finger or condemning another remember that not one of us are without sin and we all answer to one maker.And when depressing thoughts seem to get you down put a smile on your face and thank God youre alive and still around.Life is a gift Live it, Enjoy it, Celebrate it, and Fulfill it.Author Unknown

Nutrition And Wellness Considerations Change As People...

How nutrition and wellness considerations change as people move through the three stages of adulthood. What are the most consequential concerns during each stage? What concepts and techniques can be put into place to optimize passage through each stage? . Though Research how nutrition and wellness considerations change as people move through the three stages of adulthood. What are the most paramount concerns during each stage? What concepts and techniques can be put into place to optimize passage through each stage? is a favourite topic of discussion amongst monarchs, presidents and dictators, it is infeasible to overprize its impact on modern thought. It still has the puissance to shock global commercial enterprises, whom I can verbalize no more about due to licit restrictions. Here commences my indepth analysis of the glourious subject of Research how nutrition and wellness considerations change as people move through the three stages of adulthood. What are the most consequential c oncerns during each stage? What concepts and techniques can be put into place to optimize passage through each stage? .Interweaving gregarious trends form a vigorous net in which we are all trapped. The immortal and indispensable phrase ‘honesty is the best policy’ [1] borrowed much from Research how nutrition and wellness considerations change as people move through the three stages of adulthood. What are the most consequential concerns during each stage? What concepts and techniques can be putShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Development : Prenatal6705 Words   |  27 PagesDevelopment: Prenatal Physical: Physical development of the human begins at conception when the egg is fertilized by the sperm. Once the ovum is fertilized, the process of mitosis begins, allowing the cells to split and form the human being. 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With substance intoxication, the individual experiences a reversible syndrome of symptoms that occur with ingestion of a substance and that are specific to the substance ingested. The behavior changes can be attributed to the physiological effects of the substance on the central nervous system (CNS). Substance Withdrawal Defined Withdrawal is defined as the physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinuation of an addictiveRead MoreCommunity Acquired Pneumonia18251 Words   |  74 Pagesor pleuritic pain or discomfort, myalgia, headache, chills, fever, cough, tachycardia, tachypnea, and sputum production. Severe chest muscle weakness may also be present. Crackles or wheezes are heard upon auscultation. (Ignatavicius, 2006) Some people have an underlying problem which increases their risk of getting an infection. 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Adolf Hitler and the Holocaust Essay - 951 Words

The Holocaust. A proper noun representing the mas killing of around eleven thousand people from 1933 to 1945. The majority of those killed were people of Jewish faith. Jewish people were collected up and brought to different types of concentrarion camps where pogroms were set up to extinguish life in every form. People died from starvation, illness, exaustion, beatings, being gassed, shooting, and being burried alive. Before World War Two broke out, the trouble in Germany started in the year 1933 when a man named Adolf Hitler became chancelor after the previous chancelor died. He made his way up through Germanys government until he was second in command. Then he passed a low saying that if the current chancelor died, he would not be†¦show more content†¦The United States entered the was the day after Pearl harbor. Peral Harbor was when Japan bomed the Paciffic Fleet military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii to prove that they were serious about their roll in the Tripartite Pact. They attacked on a Sunday in the morning hours while people where either catcging up on their sleep, or were at church. This type of stratagy was not typically used in war times, and the United states wasnt expecting it at all. Thousands of soldiers, nurses, and civilians lost thier lives, and the next day President Franklin Delanor Roosevelt declared war on the Axis powers. Once the United States finally entered the war, and started fightinng in Europe, we really began seeing the full affect of what Hitler and the Nazis were doing. As we moved through the countries Germany had conquered, we began liberating concentration camps. For the first time in years, Jewish refugees and prisoners would be provided with access to clean water, food, and sufficient medical treatment. It was a terrible sight for the soldierss as the moved through the camps. Driving through paths lined with large graves filled with the dead, and partly the living who have given up all hope. 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This change marked the beginning of a new era, which led to the most pure ideological genocide that can be remembered to this day since there was no pragmatic motivation throughout the time period the Holocaust took place. It is a dark mark in the history of westernRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Holocaust2948 Words   |  12 PagesAdolf Hitler, chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and fà ¼hrer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945, was the mastermind behind both World War II within Europe and the Holocaust. In the â€Å"Final Solution,† concentration and extermination camps were implemented in an a ttempt to rid of the Jewish population entirely. Such a task, genocide, would not be done easily. By the end of World War II, over six million Jews had been killed. However, not merely Jews were subject to mass murder, but nearly five millionRead MoreAdolf Hitler and The Holocaust Essay729 Words   |  3 Pageshandicaps. 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List of Environmental Problems Free Essays

List of Environmental Problems The earth’s environment has become a pervasive and global problem. There is growing awareness about the need to conserve our environment. Read on to know the different environmental problems. We will write a custom essay sample on List of Environmental Problems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today the earth’s environment is in a sorry state. Wherever one looks, one encounters pollution. Forests are disappearing. The green patches in the city are being replaced by concrete buildings. Waste products are being dumped indiscriminately. Water is too toxic to drink. The air is unfit to breathe. Global warming has become a menacing issue. There is a question mark over the survival of life on the earth. The human race is at the brink of a self-created disaster. Truly there is a surfeit of environmental problems today. List of environmental problems There are a number of significant environmental problems today. They are as follows: * Loss of forest cover. Forest are being cut down for timber, construction and for obtaining extra agricultural land. * Air pollution. This is caused by polluting industries and vehicular traffic. Burning incinerators, furnaces and stoves cause it. Wind is responsible for spreading air pollution. The Ozone layer has been damaged because of the use of CFC’s (Chlorofluorocarbons) which are used in a number of industrial, commercial, and household applications. * Water pollution. Industries and factories release toxic wastes into the water. Leakage from oil tankers causes pollution of the sea. Pesticides and fertilizers also cause water pollution. Sewage released by cities into water bodies. It is predicted that there will be conflicts among nations because water will become scarce. * Overpopulation. The increase in human population increases demands for the water resources. More land is required for housing. There is increased demand for food for which more agricultural land is needed. More fuel is required. More automobiles cause more pollution. * Erosion of soil. When trees and plants are destroyed that causes increase in soil erosion. * Climate change and Global warming. Human activities cause climate change like increase in temperature. Many animal and plant species may be destroyed by climate change. * Introduction of genetically modified species. Humans are tinkering with the genes of various plants and animals. We do not fully understand how the introduction of new species will affect the environment. * Destruction of biodiversity. Many plant and animal species have become extinct or are approaching extinction because of human activities. These endangered species may have important uses in medicine and science for humans. * Devastation of natural habitats. Species such as tigers and lions are reducing in numbers because humans are steadily destroying the natural habitats which sustain them. * Diminishing natural resources. Mankind is using up natural resources at an alarming rate. Fuel, water, minerals, timber are being consumed rapidly. Oil and natural gas resources are expected to get over by the end of this century. * Marine habitats are being polluted. Overfishing has led to the extinction of many fish species. The oceans are vast but still vulnerable to pollution. How to cite List of Environmental Problems, Papers

Making Effective Oral Presentation Essay Example

Making Effective Oral Presentation Essay Making Effective Oral Presentations Northeastern University, College of Business Administration Edward G. Wertheim, Ph. D. Associate Professor Human Resources Management Retrieved March 2, 2009 from http://web. cba. neu. edu/~ewertheim/skills/oral. htm#visual |Outline of this Note | |Introduction | |Podium Panic | |Four Basic Steps | |1. trategy | |2. structure | |3. style | |Are You Distracting the Audience and Drawing Attention away from your Message? |Regional accents or colloquialisms: (or Id rather jump in the Boston Hahbah than give a speech) | |Physical mannerisms | |Voice Tone | |Keeping your Audiences interest | |4. upplement: questions and challenges | |Conclusion: A Checklist for your Presentation | |Appendices | |[pic]An Outline for Your Presentation | |[pic]An evaluation form that will be used for your presentation | |[pic]Using Visual Aids Effectively | | Introduction While hard work and good ideas are essential to success, your ability to express those ideas and get ot hers to join you is just as important. Much of this verbal expression will be one on one or in small groups but periodically (and for some of us often) you will be involved in more formal and public speaking in front of larger numbers. If this thought makes you nervous you are not alone. Many speakers lack the skills and confidence to make effective presentations. We have all been victims of speakers (eg. teachers) who put us to sleep. Despite knowing how ineffective many speakers are, many of us have found that, despite the best intentions, we havent fared much better. We knew the topic and the ideas were written down, but the presentation still didnt go well. Was it the way you delivered the speech? Was it because the audience didnt seem interested? [pic]Podium Panic Everyone experiences stage fright, speech anxiety, or talking terror. Surveys show that fear of speaking in front of groups is one of the greatest fears people have. Some surveys find people actually claiming that the thought of giving a speech is more frightening than falling off a cliff, financial difficulties, snakes, and even death. We will write a custom essay sample on Making Effective Oral Presentation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Making Effective Oral Presentation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Making Effective Oral Presentation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The following lists some techniques people use for coping with this fright: †¢ your audience understands your nervousness; they know what you are feeling and will forgive it; similarly they will forgive honest mistakes †¢ nervousness is usually invisible; most will not notice the small changes in your voice or occasional mistakes; most speakers who describe themselves as nervous appear confident and calm to the audience †¢ be yourself; let the real you come through; relax, practice some deep breathing techniques; †¢ begin in your comfort zone; practice with friends; share your fears with friends †¢ check out the room first; check out the space, the equipment, the lights †¢ concentrate on the message †¢ begin with a slow, well-prepared introduction; have a confident and clear conclusion †¢ most important: be prepared and practice The problem of poor communication is complex and cannot be solved by a single book, a course, and certainly not by this short guide. We will point out the critical elements and questions to think about. The approach presented here is predicated on the notion that there is a speechmaking process that involves a few basic steps and within each are particular strategic decisions. [pic] FOUR BASIC STEPS †¢ formulate a strategy for the specific audience †¢ develop a flexible, flowing structure †¢ combined prepared material with an enhancing, not distracting, presentation style; it is important to remember that how you present is as important as what you present. †¢ supplement the presentation with confident, informed responses to questions and challenges [pic] 1. STRATEGY understand your purpose and role: It is critical to be clear about your purpose in the communication. This involves knowing your audience, the occasion, and the expectations of your audience. Knowing the audience will be a critical determinant in what information is presented and how it is presented. †¢ tailor your message to the audience understand their needs, desires, knowledge level, attitude toward your topic †¢ be concrete, specific, practical, and relevant †¢ clarify your objectives is it to motivate? inform? persuade? teach? each calls for a different approach †¢ clarify what role you will be performing coach? advocate? teach? be devils advocate, watch dog, or messenger? develop a logically compelling case for your plan how will it help resolve a pressing problem, advance a salient value, or help †¢ reach a common goal †¢ research your topic In the classroom situation you may have to make a presentation about a topic about which you are not an expert In the working world, you will likely know a lot about the topic. Nevertheless, you will likely have to research the topic through internal trade documents, trade journals, or special interest publications. You will also likely find computerized data bases useful as sources of information. Subscription data bases such as CompuServe, Dow Jones News/Retrieval, The Source, and BRS/After Dark are some examples. Obviousl y the World Wide Web is a growing source of information. Librarians will assist you in your search. For those services that base charges on time on-line, it is important to be very well prepared for your search. [pic] 2. STRUCTURE Once you know what you want to say, you need to consolidate the materials into a meaningful message. You cant assume that the information will speak for itself. Your audience is capable of hearing your information in very different ways based on your organization and presentation. The audience needs to have these basic questions answered. 1. Why should I pay attention to you when I can think about more interesting things? 2. Now that I am listening, why should I care about this issue? 3. I agree with the significance of the topic, but how are you justifying your ideas? 4. So, now that I am convinced, what do you want from me? The following lists some points to think about when organizing your ideas †¢ begin by placing your topic in context; you might want to provide an outline or a road map †¢ provide the intended, expected benefits, organization of the presentation, and ground rules †¢ organize the body of the presentation logically make it easy to follow go from the simple to the complex †¢ when appropriate, plan ways to encourage audience participation †¢ maintain credibility: discuss the pros and cons conclude on a high note include an overall summary and proposed actions or options †¢ incorporate visual aids effectively (see box below) dont let mechanics of presentation interfere with your message †¢ prepare for contingencies practice your presentation and prepare for contingencies rehearse †¢ think about what migh t happen and prepare what if the overhead bulb blows out; what if the audience is more prepared than you expected what if there is an unexpected question if a disruption is particularly obtrusive, you might relieve the tension with a joke or humorous comment [pic] 3. STYLE Effective presenters recognize that communication is both intellectual and emotional. Organizing your ideas is part of the task. The other is to gain and maintain attention. The following lists some basic techniques to maintain attention: †¢ convey controlled enthusiasm for your subject the audience will forgive a lot if the speaker is enthusiastic -pay attention to †¢ posture, tone; dont lean your audience will mirror your attitude radiate confidence without preaching †¢ dont confuse enthusiasm with loudness; try to convey a range of emotions from concern, anticipation, excitement, dismay †¢ where appropriate, candidly discuss pros and cons; explain advantages first; present risks or challenges; Are You Distracting the Audience and Drawing Attention away from your Message? When we want the audience to focus on what we have to say rather than on us, it is important to think about anything that might detract from our message. This can be a sensitive iss ue since some of these factors are personal or part of who we are. Regional accents or colloquialisms: If we are in an audience of people who share our accent no one will notice. However, if we are in a more general audience, our accent may make the audience focus on this rather than our message. This is not to say that you should abandon your ethnic or regional identity and individuality; however, you need to be aware of the impact of accents on audience. This can be done positively as the Kennedys have done; but more often these mannerisms tend to detract negatively. We dont have to all talk alike but we need to know how we are perceived. physical mannerisms: speakers who pace, pound the podium, jingle change in their pockets, or do other things can focus attention on themselves rather than the subject; sometimes this can be done for affect, but more often it is inadvertent and distracting. voice tone: Professional speakers generally emphasize the lower registers of their voices (both men and women) and avoid dramatic variations in the pitches of their voices. Occasionally this rule can be broken for affect. clothing and jewelry: same as under regional accents Keeping your audiences interest provide variety and relief if possible; novelty and uniqueness will increase the impact †¢ alternative moving and standing still, speaking and listening, doing and thinking; use physical space and body movement to enhance your message †¢ try to add stories, anecdotes, testimonials, analogies, demonstrations †¢ use humor appropriately make it in good taste †¢ presentations are movies not snapshots; prepare the space for movement †¢ try to position yourself to enhance rapport with the audience †¢ eye contact is your primary tool for establishing audience involvement; look at your audience in random rotating order †¢ use gestures naturally; do what is natural to you: some gestures are wrong jingling change in a pocket, toying with notes, shifting from one foot to the other; any repeated gesture Once you obtain attention, you must retain it. Audiences members drift in and out, without giving complete attention all the time. You need to help the audience refocus periodically. The following are some examples: †¢ I will give the three basic reasons why change is needed †¢ Transitions such as now that we have analyzed the problem, we need to look at the possible solutions. †¢ Conclusions: the discussion so far leads to this final thought †¢ Straightforward Conclusion: if you enact this program, three basic benefits will result [pic] 4. SUPPLEMENT: QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES USE OF QUESTIONS †¢ ask friendly questions dont use questions to embarrass or badger; avoid known sore spots †¢ avoid asking risky questions that is, questions that may imply lack of knowledge or intelligence †¢ make the interchange a mutually satisfying experience; ive respondents time to think and phrase their answer; help people save face by summarizing what they have said so far and asking if anyone else has something to add †¢ dont let respondent wander or attempt to take control of the presentation; a polite thank you, thats what I was lookin g for can get you back on track †¢ if extensive audience discussion is desired, avoid isolated one-on-one dialogues with specific individuals †¢ when challenged, be candid and firm but avoid over responding †¢ maintain control of the session †¢ be firm and assertive without being aggressive or defensive †¢ dont let interruptions disrupt your composure †¢ avoid circumstances that require an apology anticipate questions and prepare responses; rehearse answers to difficult questions †¢ if necessary, offer to obtain additional information and follow up †¢ use questions to strengthen your main arguments-answer questions candidly but positively link objections to attractive features †¢ avoid rhetorical questions ask interesting questions that are thought provoking but not too difficult to answer †¢ ask some open ended question with no right or wrong answers encourage sharing experiences, feelings, opinions †¢ put you elements into questions make them relevant to the audiences personal experience †¢ prepare key questions prior to the presentation; it is difficult to think of good questions on your feet Guideline for Answering Questions | |Anticipate Questions: think of the ten most likely questions and plan out your answer | |Understand the Question: paraphrase it if necessary; repeat it if needed | |Plan the Answer: particularly if you anticipated the question | |Do Not Digress | |Be Honest: if you cant answer the question, say so | |Reinterpret Loaded Questions: if attcked try to show the similarity to ot her situations | |Control Interchanges: if a questionner becomes a heckler try to enlist the audience; if a questioner digresses, try to remind | |the audience of the goal of the presentation | |Use the Last Question to Summarize | [pic] Conclusion: A Checklist for your Presentation You owe your audience and yourself a good presentation, but creating an effective presentation takes planning and practice, so some final pointers Start preparing early; dont wait until the last few days to prepare †¢ prepare it early, let it rest a little bit and come back to it †¢ practice your entire presentation-including your slides †¢ if you can practice it before a group of colleagues or friends Think about Your Audience: †¢ who are they and why are they here; †¢ what are their interests; †¢ what do they know; what do they want to know; what is a worthwhile investment in their time Be clear about your purpose: †¢ are you informing or persuading; †¢ tell them what you are going to do, tell them, tell them what you told them; †¢ what do you want the audience to know, feel, or believe afterwards Use an Effective Introduction: orient the audience; explain why it is important; set the tone, †¢ establish a relationship between the sp eaker and the audience; establish credibility; †¢ avoid weak introductions such as apologies, jokes, rhetorical questions Organize your presentation clearly and simply: †¢ Prioritize topics and allocate time accordingly †¢ stick to only 3-5 main points; †¢ have a well thought pattern (examples are problem/solution, chronological, cause and effect, topical); use transitions to move smoothly from one point to the next Use supporting materials to flesh out main points †¢ Use examples, statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes Compose for the Ear, not for the Eye: †¢ use simple words, simple sentences, markers, repetition, images, personal language (You and I) Create an Effective Conclusion: summarize, set final image, provide closure; dont trail off, dont use trite phrases †¢ dont just present data or summarized results and leave the audience to draw its own conclusions †¢ you have had much more time to work with your information than your audience; share your insight and understanding and tell them what youve concluded from your work Sound spontaneous, conversational, enthusiastic- †¢ use key phrases in your notes so you dont have to read, use the overhead instead of notes; †¢ vary volume, dont be afraid of silence, dont use fillers like um †¢ Practice, Practice, Practice Use Body Language Effectively: relaxed gestures, eye contact; dont play with a pen or pointer, †¢ dont block visual aids Use Visual Aids to Enhance the Message: you will probably need to use overhead transparancies in your presentation but to be effective, they must be designed and used properly †¢ use visuals to reinforce and clarify, not overwhelm; †¢ keep visual aids uncluttered; use titles to guide the audience †¢ if you use tapes or disks, make sure the equipment is compatible Analyze the Environment: †¢ check out size of room, placement of chairs, time of day, temperature, distractions †¢ check out AV equipment ahead of time; have a spare bulb Cope with Stage Fright by Remembering: its normal; it can be helpful, everyone feels it [pic] Engleberg (1994) proposes a 7 P approach to the principles of public speaking. You might find these helpful. Purpose:- Why are you speaking? What do you want audience members to know, think, believe, or do as a result of your presentation People : Who is your audience? How do the characteristics, skills, opinions, and behaviors of your audience affect your purpose Place: Why are you speaking to this group now and in this place? How can you plan and adapt to the logistics of this place. How can you use visual aids to help you achieve your purpose Preparation Where and how can you find good ideas and information for your speech? How much and what kind of supporting materials do you need. Planning: Is there a natural order to the ideas and information you will use? What are the most effective ways to organize your speech in order to adapt it to the purpose, people, place, etc. Personality: How do you become associated with your message in a positive way? What can you do to demonstrate your competence, charisma, and character to the audience? Performance: What form of delivery is best suited to the purpose of your speech. What delivery techniques will make your presentation more effective. How should you practice? Further Reading †¢ Antonoff, Michael, Presentations that Persuade, Personal Computing, 27 July 1990, 60-68. †¢ Benjamin, James and Raymie E. McKerrow, Business and Professional Communication, Harper Collins, New York, 1994. †¢ Engleberg, Isa N. The Principles of Public Presentation, Harper Collins, New York, 1994. †¢ Osborn, M. and S. Osborn, Public Speaking, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, 1988. [pic] Supplemental Information [pic] An Outline for your Presentation INTRODUCTION †¢ What? overview of presentation (use visual aids if necessary) †¢ Why? purpose of presentation why subject is important †¢ How? format you will use; what can the audience expect to see learn †¢ Who? if more than one person, provide introductions and indicate roles dont expect audience to memorize these BODY The following list suggests alternative formats for presenting information: multiple formats can be used within a single presentation: †¢ rhetorical questions and answers †¢ logical progression indicate steps e. g. A then B then C †¢ time series order information from beginning to end, earlier to later, and so on †¢ compare and contrast use same structure to compare different events, individuals or situations †¢ problems and solutions; dont present problems without working toward some recommended action †¢ simple to complex use successive building blocks to communicate complex processes or concepts †¢ deductive reasoning moving from general principles or values to specific applications or examples †¢ inductive reasoning from specific applications/examples to reach general principles or conclusions CONCLUSION †¢ review, highlight and emphasize key points, benefits, recommendations †¢ draw conclusions where are we? what does all of this mean? whats the next step? [pic] USING VISUAL AIDS EFFECTIVELY. PURPOSE both quality and number of visual aids should enhance, not distract from message display or distribute an outline to help audience follow lon g or group presentations use variety to increase interest; remember the value of pictures, graphs, symbols and objects APPEARANCE never use a transparency of a typewritten page use a plain font (e. g. Swiss or Helvetica) of substantial size (18 point or more) if you use color, dont use more than three colors ask yourself Can the audience quickly and easily grasp what they see? Are they spending time reading and not listening? FORMAT-TEXT make one and only one key point per visual unless the audience is very familiar with the subject organize material into natural categories and contrasts? before vs. after, problem and solution, advantages vs. disadvantages, beginning to end; costs vs. benefits include no more than three or four points under one heading dont use whole sentences or paragraphs use bulleted words or short phrases only, except for quotes FORMAT-GRAPHS no more than three curves on a line chart or graph dont use a page full of numbers translate complex numbers into representative pie charts or bar graphs use diagrams or models to present complex concepts; use multiple charts illustrating different stages or parts of the full model; start with simple framework and build components successively into the full model or process [pic]Properly Designed Transparencies †¢ use high quality lettering at least 3/16 high; avoid hand-written slides and low resolution dot matrix print †¢ limit the number of overheads used; allow at least 1-2 minutes per overhead †¢ a well designed diagram or chart can often make your point more quickly and clearly than words †¢ avoid visual clutter-dont over use fancy graphics that might distract the audience †¢ have a good reason for showing each and every overhead Be Careful: †¢ dont block the audiences vision; limit the time your back is to the udience †¢ make sure you know how to operate the equipment; practice it ahead of time; have backup cords, bulbs, adapters, etc; prepare for the worst †¢ make sure you know the lighting requirements for your equipment; know where the switches are and what settings are needed; bring a small penlight in case the room has to be darkened and you need to see notes or equipment [pic] Group Presentation Evaluation Form (ver. 5) Rate the Group Presentation (5= Excellent; 1= Poor NA= not applicable) Comments would be very helpful. Group Number:____ Group Topic:________________________________ ____1. Introduction: Did the introduction capture your interest; was necessary background given; was a clear purpose conveyed ___2. Organization: Was there a clear organization; were transitions between sections clear and effective; did the organization lead to a clear conclusion? ___3. Content: Did the group support their points; was the supporting material relevant, up to date? ___4. Visual Aids: Were visual aids used effectively and appropriately, carefully prepared? ___5. Conclusion: Were key points reinforced; was a sense of closure provided; if appropriate, was a course of action proposed? ___6. Delivery: Were the speakers natural, enthusiastic; did they speak clearly; were appropriate gestures, posture, expreesions used ___7. Discussion: Were questions answered accurately, clearly, effectively? ___8. Overall Rating General Comments (use back): [pic] Presenting Overseas An American woman making a presentation to a group of German male colleagues began in a casual, lighthearted style. Several of the men snorted, stood up and headed for the door, declaring her presentation a waste of time. She spoke loudly and sharply, telling them to sit down and be quiet. They did, and she switched to an assertive, formal tone without qany of her fun techniques. The Germans paid attention. International Hearld Tribune, May 20, 1997 This anecdote illustrates that doing business internally requires concise, to the point yet diplomatic communication due to the lack of time to build relationships and sell ideas. International execuitives have to discipline themselves to listen completely and ask questions; this is particularly important when not everyone in the room has the same native language. A particular problem for many is the niceness problem; these occur when nice people are shocked to see how aggressive top-level communications and team communi ations can be in some places, and when they cant cope with aggressive peers. Another problems is conciseness. Many of us are trained to give an introduction, body, and conclusion and the mroe you say the better. In some places there is no patience for this slow, gradual building. In this case, you need to make the point first, prove it concisely and make recommendations.

Similarities and Differences Between Communism and Democratic Socialism

Similarities and Differences Between Communism and Democratic Socialism The main similarity between revolutionary Communism and democratic Socialism is that both of these political ideologies consider Capitalism (as the form of a socio-political governing) historically outdated and utterly immoral. This is because, according to the proponents of both ideologies, in Capitalist countries, the majority of ordinary citizens are denied the right to have a fair share in the national wealth.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Similarities and Differences Between Communism and Democratic Socialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because in Capitalist societies, it is namely a small number of the representatives of bourgeoisie that exercise a unilateral control over the means of production. In its turn, this allows them to enjoy an undisputed dominance within the society – even though that there are no objective reasons for this to be the case. That is, if we exclude the fac t that the wealthy members of social elites simply happened to have enough of ill-gotten money in their bank accounts. In its turn, this creates a situation when most citizens are being denied the opportunity of a social advancement – only the individuals affiliated with the rich and powerful qualify for a social uplifting. Such state of affairs, of course, is far from being considered thoroughly fair. Another thing, upon which revolutionary Communism and democratic Socialism agree, is the sheer inappropriateness of the Capitalist practice of subjecting workers to an economic exploitation. This is because this practice establishes preconditions for employees to be treated as a soulless commodity – hence, causing them to experience the sensation of a societal alienation. In its turn, this prevents hired laborers (regardless of the essence of their professional duties) from being able to attain happiness. Both ideologies refer to such a state of affairs, as utterly inapp ropriate. Revolutionary Communism and democratic Socialism also criticize Capitalism on the account of this political system standing in opposition to the concept of egalitarianism. After all, it is specifically the assumption of people’s perceptual/cognitive inequality, which justifies the Capitalist idea that, in order to ensure the free-market economy’s proper functioning; societies must remain stratified along class-lines. Both, Communists and Socialists proclaim this idea being not only unethical, but also as such, that contradicts the dialectical laws of history.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Revolutionary Communists and democratic Socialists also share a strongly negative attitude towards the concept of a private ownership. According to the proponents of both political ideologies, the continual institutionalization of this type of own ership contributes to the process of a gap between poor and rich citizens growing wider, and makes the economy more vulnerable to financial crises. This is why, just as it is being the case with democratic Socialists, revolutionary Communists advocate the concept of a state-ownership, as such that ensures a fair distribution of the national wealth among citizens. Nevertheless, even though that revolutionary Communism and democratic Socialism do share much of an ideological ground, out which they initially emerged, there are many more differences between them than similarities. The most fundamental of these differences is the fact that, while Socialists consider Socialism to be the final phase of the humanity’s socio-economic advancement, Communists refer to it in terms of an intermediary one. According to them, Socialism is the ‘transitional’ form of a political governing, which will be eventually replaced by Communism (Kors 3). In its turn, Communism presupposes the complete liquidation of a private ownership, the elimination of money, as the instrument of commercial transactions, and the establishment of the ‘dictatorship of proletariat’, as the mechanism of maintaining the society’s ‘classless’ functioning. Democratic Socialists, on the other hand, point out to the fact that the practical realization of the earlier mentioned Communist agenda will prove impossible, as it does not consider the actual essence of people’s genetically predetermined psychological inclinations. Another major difference between democratic Socialism and revolutionary Communism is that, while Socialists refer to the transition between Capitalism and Socialism in terms of an evolutionary process, Communists promote the idea that this transition should be revolutionary. That is, according to Communists, there is only one way for ensuring the eventual triumph of Socialism/Communism – an armed uprising (Dobbs 495). Social ists, on the other hand, suggest that rather than parting away with Capitalism in the revolutionary manner (by the mean of overthrowing the government and eliminating bourgeoisie, as a social class), progressively minded people should aim to create preconditions for the gradual transformation of Capitalism into Socialism.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Similarities and Differences Between Communism and Democratic Socialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Roberts noted: â€Å"In economics, their (Socialists’) main commitment is not to creating a new man by expropriating the expropriators but to taming the excesses of the market through state intervention. They (Socialists) have also been stubbornly reformist and gradualist rather than revolutionary† (358). Unlike their Communist counterparts, Socialists do not subscribe to the idea that a truly fair society must necessarily be classless. I n fact, the Socialist idea of a ‘welfare state’ presupposes that, instead of remaining antagonized against each other, the representatives of different social classes should be equally affiliated with the values of a ‘communal solidarity’. Partially, the earlier mentioned conceptual dichotomy between democratic Socialism and revolutionary Communism can be explained by the fact that democratic Socialists do not think that the continual functioning of Capitalist societies should necessarily result in strengthening the acuteness of class-related antagonisms. The validity of this suggestion can be illustrated in regards to the ideas of Eduard Bernstein, who is now being considered the ‘father’ of democratic Socialism. According to Sturmthal: â€Å"He (Bernstein) pointed out that by its progress labor was gradually transforming the capitalistic society and predicted that by this method of gradual reform and in co-operation with democratic middle-cl ass parties, European labor would win democracy, and, at the end of a long evolutionary process, establish Socialism† (101). Communists, on the other hand, promote the idea that, as time goes on; the intensity of class-antagonisms within Capitalist societies should increase. In its turn, this should eventually lead to the creation of a ‘revolutionary situation’, and consequently to the removal of bourgeois governments. This brings us to discuss another important difference between both political ideologies. Whereas, democratic Socialists do favor democracy, as the people-oriented form of a political governing, Communists do not think this is actually the case – especially when we talk about the democracy’s functioning within Capitalist societies. According Communists, ‘capitalist democracy’ is nothing but the instrument for the representatives of social elites to maintain its dominance within the society. The reason for this is simple. B y providing ordinary citizens with the illusion that they can indeed influence the process of a political decision-making, by the mean of casting their votes, capitalists are able to reduce the acuteness of economic tensions within the society – hence, making these citizens less likely to revolt against being continually exploited.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After all, the very conceptual premise of democracy presupposes the process of people casting their votes being second in importance to the process of these votes’ calculation. This is exactly the reason why, according to revolutionary Communists, the concept of democracy is synonymous with the concept of corruption. It also explains why democracy is dialectically predetermined to transform itself into oligarchy/plutocracy. Hence, the Communist idea that the best form of government is the ‘dictatorship of proletariat’ when, after having eliminated capitalists physically, workers enjoy a shared ownership over the means of production. This idea derives out of the assumption that capitalists will never be willing to share some of their riches with the society’s underprivileged members – unless when they are being forced to do so by purely external circumstances. These circumstances, however, must be strong enough. Therefore, in order for socially under privileged citizens to cease being the subjects of an economic/societal exploitation, they must be ready to defy the very principles, upon which the continual functioning of Capitalist societies is based – including the principle of a democratic voting. In its turn, this explains why; whereas, democratic Socialists refer to their presence in the Capitalist countries’ legislative bodies, as such that serves the purpose of the society’s betterment, Communists do not make any secret of the fact that the only reason why they participate in political elections, is that this provides them with yet additional opportunity to undermine ‘bourgeois democracies’ from within. Revolutionary Communism and democratic Socialism also differ, in regards to how the proponents of both ideologies address the issue of people’s political opinions being formed. According to Communists, the manner in which a particular individual perceives the surrounding socio-politi cal reality reflects the specifics of his or her affiliation with one or another social class. In other words, it is namely people’s class-status, which causes them to be what they are, in the cognitive sense of this word. Democratic Socialists, on the other hand, refer to the Communist interpretation of what causes people to adopt a particular behavioral pattern, as being overly simplistic. According to them, regardless of what happened to be the particulars of people’s class-affiliation, it is in their very nature to strive to enjoy a social fairness. Hence, the democratic Socialist idea that it is possible for the representatives of different social classes to cooperate. It is needless to mention, of course, that Communists do not agree with this idea, because according to them, the wealthy representatives of social elites, on the one hand, and impoverished workers/peasants, on the other, are sworn enemies. Therefore, there can be no cooperation with then, by defini tion. The final difference between both ideologies is that, while revolutionary Communism implies that people’s likelihood to attain happiness is being solely concerned with their varying ability to satisfy their physiological needs, democratic Socialism suggests that, besides being provided with the opportunity to fill up their stomachs, people also need to be given the chance of an emotional/spiritual self-actualization. In its turn, this can be explained by the fact that, unlike Communists, democratic Socialists believe that there is so much more to a particular individual than solely his or her desire to enjoy having a plenty of food. In this respect, democratic Socialism appears much more intellectually refined, as compared to revolutionary Communism, because it avoids making simplistic assumptions about human nature. Dobbs, Darrell. â€Å"Communism.† The Journal of Politics 62.2 (2000): 491- 510.Print. Kors, Alan. â€Å"Can There be an ‘After Socialismâ⠂¬â„¢?† Social Philosophy Policy 20. 1 (2003): 1-17. Print. Roberts, Andrew. â€Å"The State of Socialism: A Note on Terminology.† Slavic  Review 63.2 (2004): 349-366. Print. Sturmthal, Adolf. â€Å"Democratic Socialism in Europe.† World Politics 3.1 (1950): 88- 113. Print.

Whats a Bad ACT Score Nationally and By College

What's a Bad ACT Score Nationally and By College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you taken the ACT recently? Do you think you did badly? Or maybe you’re just wondering what the minimum score you need to get into college is. We will explain what a bad ACT score is, both in terms of the national averages and colleges you want to go to. Nationally, What’s a Bad ACT Score? If you look at the ACT percentiles, any composite score below 20 (the 50th percentile) is below average. (For more on how the ACT is scored and how the composite is calculated, see our guide.) In other words, to be above average nationally, you need at least a 21 ACT composite score. Any composite 16 or lower is in the bottom 25%. If you score below 16 or lower on the ACT, your score is definitely in the very low range nationwide. What Do Colleges Think Is a Bad Score? Your percentile rank is important, since it compares you to every other high school student who has taken the ACT. But it’s actually more important to think about what your score means in terms of the colleges you want to attend. After all, you take the ACT to get into college! If you’re above a college’s average ACT score range, even if your score seems low nationally, then your admissions chances aren’t compromised. On the flip side, you could have an ACT score that looks great nationally – say the 90th percentile, a 28 composite – but is far below the ranges of selective colleges like the Ivy Leagues, Stanford, and MIT. So it’s much more important to consider scores in context of your target colleges, rather than just the national percentiles. Let’s explore what a bad ACT score might look like at highly selective, selective, and less selective colleges. What’s a Bad ACT Score for the Most Selective Schools? If you’re aiming for the most selective schools – like Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, Yale, MIT – most scores that aren't considered amazing at the national level will be seen as low. For example, at Stanford, the middle 50% range for the ACT Composite is 31-34, which is between the 97th and 99th percentile nationally. Additionally, since these top tier schools often turn away applicants with scores in range, it’s best to aim for the top 50% of admitted student scores, not just to be within the middle 50% range. In fact, being in the lower end of score ranges can lower your chance of admission by half of the usual admission rate. For example, if the normal admission rate is 10% and you're at the 25th percentile for that college, it can lower your chance of admission to 5% or lower. So you shouldn’t just aim to break a 31 composite if you're set on a top school. Your ACT composite should be 33 or higher – in the 99th percentile nationally – to be very competitive at Stanford or other top colleges. And the closer you can get to 36, the more you will stand out. (Read more abouthow many students get a 36 ACT every year and how their admissions chances are improved.) So to recap, any ACT score below 33 will lower your chances at the most selective schools. And any score below a 30 is decidedly low for top colleges. What’s a Bad ACT Score for Selective Schools? Once you’re out of the top 15, a â€Å"bad† ACT score for a school is anything below their middle 50% ACT range. We say â€Å"bad† not because the score is necessarily bad on a national scale, but because it could lower your chances of admission at certain schools. Let’s look at NYU as an example. It’s a top 50 school, with an ACT middle 50% range between 28 and 32. That means a bad ACT score for NYU would be anything below 28. It’s still possible you would get in, but much less likely. Even though 28 is very strong nationally – it’s in the 90th percentile! – you need to get to that score or higher to be competitive at NYU. But the threshold for â€Å"bad† will vary by school, so definitely look up the ranges of schools you are interested in using our guide below. What’s a Bad ACT Score for My Local State School? When you are applying to large local universities or less-selective colleges (colleges that admit more than half of applicants), the ACT score ranges are often much more forgiving. As an example, let’s take a look at California State Long Beach. Their ACT middle 50% range is between 20 and 25. Fun fact: that giant pyramid is called the Walter Pyramid and is used for athletic events at CSU Long Beach. This score range is between the 50th and 80th percentile nationally. So you could get an average ACT score but still be competitive for admission at CSU Long Beach. In other words, many schools are more forgiving of an average ACT score. If you’re mainly applying to schools in this range, you won’t have to stress quite as much about studying! How To Find a College’s Score Ranges To see what any college’s ACT score ranges are, you just have to do a quick search online. Here at PrepScholar, we’ve compiled the ACT score ranges – as well as GPA averages and overall admissions rate – for colleges and universities nationwide. To find our data page for any school, search â€Å"[Name of College/University] ACT Scores site:prepscholar.com† in any search engine. We should be the first or second result. As an example, this is what a search for Harvard's ACT score ranges would look like. Click on the first link to see Harvard's ACT score ranges, as well as a tool that predicts your admission chances based on your GPA and ACT score. Next Steps Look up the middle 50% ACT ranges of all colleges you are interested in. This will help you get a better understanding of the ACT score you should aim for – and which scores to avoid. If you want, you can fill out the table below as you look up colleges’ ACT middle 50% score ranges. Name of College/ University ACT 25th Percentile ACT 75th Percentile If you haven’t taken the ACT yet or are planning to retake it, set your target score at the upper bound of the middle 50% range of the most competitive school on your list. For example, if NYU is the most competitive school on your list, set your ACT target score at 32. If you make that score, you’ll be competitive wherever you apply! But if you miss it by a bit and get a 30, you’ll likely be well within range for most colleges on your list, and still be competitive at NYU. What’s Next? So you know what a bad ACT score looks like. What's a good score? An amazing one? See our guide here to find out. Read our guide on getting a perfect ACT score by our 36 full scorer. Even if you’re not going for a perfect score, following these principles will help you reach your score goal. Not sure you can study alone? Consider using our online ACT prep program. We take the hard part out of studying by analyzing your weak spots and giving you targetted practice questions. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

New Product Packaging Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New Product Packaging - Research Paper Example It is important to note that the consumers recognize the colors and other forms that trigger the visual stimuli in the cognitive mind (Johnson, 2012). Once this happens the as, a survival instinct works, and you engage the consumer by the attraction nature. We shall use pink, blue and print the letters in black for total engagement. Pink is a color that symbolizes nurturing and unconditional love, giving the car owner the sense of love to the car and matching it with the product. Blue symbolizes the brand loyalty and confidence in the product; this communicates the sense of friendliness and consumer importance to us. The black letters print will represent the strength and brand authority also makes it stand out from the others, the letters are printed in aerial fonts for easier reading.The cartoon must have a simple design on one side indicating the number of piles for piling together plus other information like temperature and keeping it up. On the opposite side, it contains the add ress and location of the company. The other two sides show the content inside the carton. The simple design on the carton is effective in communication and branding. The print on the carton is tailor made to connect with the product inside hence the use of graphic design on two sides.For the small runs, flexography printing methods will be suitable for our production. It allows printing of up to three colors this make it a viable option for a high-quality small runs tailor made cartons for packaging the car perfumes.

Compare or contrast two consumer items of the same type (Iphone ) Essay

Compare or contrast two consumer items of the same type (Iphone ) - Essay Example For some people the two phones are not different. However, the two phones differ in many ways. The main difference between iPhone 4 and the iPhone 4s is on the phone’s camera. The iPhone 4 had a 5MP camera while the new iPhone 4s has a camera with 8Mp, which is considered the best camera that a phone can have. Additionally, the iPhone 4S has an increased aperture which is f/2.4 as compared to the f/2.8 aperture size in iPhone 4. The video of the iPhone 4s has also been improved as compared to that of the iPhone 4. The iPhone 4 could shoot in HD 720p while the iPhone 4S can shoot videos at HD1080p. Additionally, the iPhone 4s has added video stabilization ability as compared to iPhone 4 (Apples Web). Another difference between iPhone 4 and iPhone 4s is on the storage. iPhone 4S has an internal storage capacity of 64GB. On the contrary, the iPhone 4 had an internal storage capacity of 32GB. Additionally, the iPhone 4S has a memory card slot expansion which is a feature lacking in previous iPhones including iPhone 4 (Apples Web). Additional difference between iPhone 4S and the iPhone 4 is on the antennae. The iPhones possess different number of antennae such that they can switch between the different antennae while calling. The iPhone 4 (GSM) has three antenna breaks while the iPhone 4S have four antennae. The iPhone 4 and the iPhone 4S differ in appearance slightly. The iPhone 4s has an access panel and enclosed Micro SIM while the iPhone 4 (CDMA) lacks the access panel as well as the enclosed SIM card. Additionally, the iPhone 4 and the iPhone 4S is the serial numbers which are located on the back(Apples Web). An extra difference between iPhone 4S and the iPhone is on the internal processor. The iPhone 4S ha dual-core Apple A5 processor while the iPhone 4 has a single core A4 processor. Both iPhone 4 and the iPhone 4S have 512 MB RAM. However, the iPhone 4S is two time faster than the iPhone 4. Additionally, the

Hedonism Essay -- Papers

Webster's dictionary defines hedonism as "the ethical doctrine that pleasure, variously conceived of in terms of happiness of the individual or of society, is the principal good and the proper aim of action" or "the theory that a person always acts is such a way as to seek pleasure and avoid pain." With this definition in mind, and with further examination of John Stuart Mill's theory on hedonism, I am going to argue that hedonism is not an exclusive or distinct way of thinking. In fact, I think that with the exception of possibly a few people, most people are very hedonistically inclined. "Hedonistic utilitarians identify happiness with feeing pleasure and avoiding pain, meaning that the more an individual enjoys pleasure and avoids pain, the happier that individual is" (phil.tamu.edu). Now, is this really a new and profound thought? If you avoid pain, you will lead a happier life? With a few exceptions, I don't know many people who see pain as enjoyment. Most people I know have made it a point to enjoy themselves in so me fasion or another, and that doesn't include the enjoyment of pain. "Mill's overall subject is the right of the indivieual to think and act for himeself of herself. For Mill this does not mean the right to think and act as you please (Castell 360). Eventhough Mill encouraged independent thought and actions, he did not justify running around and doing whatever you liked. According to the Hedonic Society, what they call Enlightened Hedonism ("a naturalistic and humanistic lifestance advocation the ration cultivation of pleasure and happiness for all") can be state... ...ve a relatively balanced life, you would include both physical and intellectual aspects of your life. Whether or not you would be labeled a "Hedonist" would remain to be seen. If you incorporate the greater needs of others into your individual immediate needs, then technically, yes, that would be Hedonism. But, I would venture to say that you would be labeled "a nice person."  Works Cited Castell, Alburey, et al., Introduction to Moern Philosophy: Examining the Human Condition. (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001). "Hedonism." Stanford University (online) www.stanford.edu/~quixote/philosophies.htm#hedonism* . (12/03/2001). "John Stuart Mill." unknown (online) *www-/ phil.tamu.edu/~gary/intro/lecture.mill_1.html. (12/03/2001). "What is Enlightened Hedonism?" Hedonic Society (online) *www.hedonicsociety.org/custom/html*. (12/03/2001)

How does Miller present the relationship between Abigail and Proctor? Essay

In The Crucible, we follow the adulterous and turbulent relationship between Abigail Williams and John Proctor, and watch it change and develop throughout the play, from Abigail trying to reinstate the affair in Act 1, to John Proctor confessing and therefore destroying it at the end of the play. John Proctor is an honest, plain-speaking local farmer. He is an impressive presence in the room, being described as ‘a man in his prime’ and ‘powerful of body’, illustrating his strength and independence. Although some people criticise his religious commitments, he is generally ‘respected and even feared in Salem’, again suggesting his position in the community. However, we then learn that he is a ‘sinner’. Although it may be easy, at this point, for the reader to judge Proctor, forming a negative opinion of him, we then learn that he sins ‘against his own vision of decent conduct’ and regards himself as a ‘fraud’, implying that he regrets and is ashamed of his sins. Proctor represents common sense and decency. He is not perfect, but is very aware of his own faults, unlike many others in the play. He is his own harshest judge. He believes very strongly in telling the truth but is tortured by the knowledge that he is living a lie. Although he is guilty of hypocrisy, he condemns himself for it. Here, Miller presents proctor in a more positive light and intends for the reader to empathise with Proctor, given that he regrets his mistakes and is burdened constantly by guilt. Abigail Williams is Reverend Parris’s niece and the leader of the girls and drives the witchcraft accusations. She wants revenge on Elizabeth Proctor for dismissing her and winning John Proctor back from her after the affair. She is shown has powerful when she says to the girls: ‘Now, look you, all of you’, asserting that she is very much in charge. She is also very controlling; when she tells Mary Warren to ‘Shut it!’ and slaps her, we see her taking advantage of Mary Warren’s shy and meek character by scaring and threatening her into doing what she wants. This is repeated when Abigail destroys Mary’s newfound courage against the girls by pretending to see her spirit as a yellow bird. Abigail also calls the good-natured Elizabeth Proctor a ‘gossiping liar’, signifying that she is sly and manipulative,  adjusting the situation in order to remain innocent. She is also cunning as well as manipulative, in that she realises that she can generate hysteria in the other girls and she uses this to defend and strengthen her own argument and accusations. She inspires fear in all of the girls and the entire town: this is illustrated when we learn that ‘where she walks the crowd will part like the see for Israel’, proving that even the senior townspeople of Salem are taken in by her power. In Act 1 we are given an insight into the complex relationship between Proctor and Abigail. It is the first scene in which we are given actual evidence of their affair, which (up until their conversation in Act 1) is only rumoured. In this scene John Proctor’s power is reinforced when Mary Warren ‘jumps in fright’ when he enters. It is clear that he has a similar effect on Abigail, who immediately flatters Proctor when they are alone, citing that she had ‘almost forgotten how strong [he is]’. She also gives a ‘nervous laugh’, showing that she likes him a lot and is slightly uneasy around him as she is always on her guard to appear more mature. She ‘feverishly’ looks ‘deep into his eyes’, showing that he has power over her, and suggesting that she is looking as deep as she can into Proctor, searching for some form of response or reciprocation of her feelings towards him. Abigail also stands ‘as though on tiptoe’, implying that she is trying to seem more mature and of better status than she is. When someone is ‘on tiptoe’, they are trying to be more than they are, be that taller, more confident or mature, but they are often unstable by doing this and they struggle to keep their balance. It is this that causes Abigail’s downfall in the end, in that she too becomes unstable by trying to be more than she is, throughout the play. Her plan to win John Proctor backfires as a result of accusations multiplying and, as hysteria spirals out of control, it is Abigail who loses control of the whole situation and (albeit unintentionally) causes Proctor’s death. In the same scene, we see Proctor’s attitude towards Abigail and their affair change. At first, he gives a ‘knowing smile’, suggesting that he may still have some feelings for her. Once Abigail has told Proctor that they danced in the woods, he replies in a somewhat playful tone, saying: ‘Ah,  you’re wicked yet, aren’t y’!’ giving the impression that likes her too and also wants to carry on with the affair. An alternative interpretation of this is that he encourages behaviour forbidden by Puritans such as dancing in the woods (which they believed to be full of evil spirits) because he knows that there isn’t really any danger in the woods, and that it will infuriate Parris, whom Proctor despises. He also jokes that Abigail will be ‘clapped in the stocks before [she’s] twenty!’ This ironic because Abigail is one of the only people who is not punished, despite being one of the only people who deserves to be. Abigail then begins to beg John for a ‘soft word’ with ‘concentrated desire’. The word ‘concentrated’ implies that her desire is very strong and intense, and that all the energy she has is focused on trying to seduce him. It is this that ‘destroys his smile’. It also destroys his happiness, in that he is tormented by guilt every day. It also destroys his relationship with Elizabeth as her ‘desire’ later involves targeting her at the trials and pretending that she sends her spirit to stab Abigail. It then, ultimately, destroys his life when she uses the power she has over the other girls to overpower Mary Warren’s argument against her, scaring Mary into going against Proctor and getting him arrested and hung. When Abigail ‘destroys his smile’, Proctor realises that what he is doing is wrong a makes the decision to reject Abigail. Miller uses short sentences to emphasise Proctor’s authority as a grown man, using a declarative to assert that ‘That’s done with.’ Speaking with â⠂¬Ëœfinal emphasis’, we watch as Proctor becomes frustrated that Abigail has clearly not got the message and will not leave. Miller uses another declarative when Proctor tells Abigail that she ‘will put it out of mind’, making it clear that Proctor is in control and reinforcing our idea of him as a headstrong man with good morals. Abigail’s desperation does not fade; we learn that ‘she cannot believe it’, insinuating that she has become so used to manipulating others that it comes as a shock when she herself is manipulated. Proctor rejects Abigail once and for all, using a violent image that he would ‘cut off [his] hand’ before he’d ‘ever reach for [her] again’. This image, suggesting punishment and physical harm is also symbolic of the terrible outcome of their affair. The affair causes tension between Proctor and Elizabeth. She is paranoid about what he may be up to, asking Proctor ‘What keeps [him] so late?’ John then asks Elizabeth: ‘Are you well today?’ showing that they are not getting on as well as they might, and Proctor is almost tiptoeing around her by trying to seem interested in her and make her feel valued. The tension increases further when Proctor says: ‘Cider?’, suggesting that he is tired of her and is growing impatient that she is forgetting things. Miller’s audience of the 1950s would have been horrified that Proctor orders Elizabeth around in this way, especially when she is innocent and he is the one in the wrong, though this would have been normal in the 1690s, when women were regarded as their husband’s property. Abigail does not appear in Act 2. Nevertheless, she has a strong influence over the course of events. Not only does she cause tension between John and Elizabeth, but her presence is felt when Proctor struggles to name all of the Ten Commandments. He names all of them but the adultery commandment, meaning Elizabeth has to ‘delicately’ remind him. Proctor tries so hard on a daily basis to forget about his affair with Abigail and move on that he has forgotten the only commandment which he has gone against. It is his only sin and the only thing that ruins his otherwise good character. Abigail also drives the scene by accusing Elizabeth of witchcraft. Mary Warren comes home from court with a ‘poppet’ for Elizabeth, which has a ‘needle’ stuck in it. We then learn that Abigail fell to the floor and a needle was found stuck into the flesh of her stomach. The reader is shown Abigail’s plot against Elizabeth and Elizabeth’s arrest is a turning point. When Proctor tells Mary that she must admit to the court how the poppet came to be in his house, Mary is frightened and says that she cannot do it as Abigail would kill her and ‘charge lechery’ on Proctor. In the context of the period, adultery was one of the worst sins and anyone found to be an adulterer would be heavily punished, possibly even killed, as John Proctor is. It is therefore through Elizabeth’s arrest that Mary reveals that she knows of the affair. Act 2 closes with Mary weeping that she cannot do what Proctor has asked her. Although Abigail is not there, her presence is felt yet again and the power that she has over the other girls is clearly shown in Mary’s terror at the prospect of having to denounce Abigail in court. Abigail and Proctor are both complex characters and Miller chooses the two  characters who the reader would think are the most unlikely couple. John Proctor hates himself for hurting Elizabeth and judges himself for being guilty of the very hypocrisy he despises in others. Abigail Williams, on the other hand, is not a good-hearted character who revels in her sins, and it is her lack of morals which allow her to hurt innocent people such as Elizabeth. An adulterous relationship would have been intensely frowned upon in Puritan times and could be viewed as either Proctor‘s or Abigail’s fault. It could be argued that Proctor, as a grown and married man, should have known never to begin the affair with Abigail. However, it could have been Abigail, their servant, who took advantage of a difficult time between John and Elizabeth and exploited Proctor’s only weakness: lust. Miller clearly wants the reader on Proctor’s side. We know already that he is plagued with guilt and is aware of his own faults. In the end, he eliminates his hypocrisy by finally telling the truth. He is the play’s tragic hero in that he sacrifices his life and good name in order to save Elizabeth, who forgives him, saying that ‘he have his goodness now’.

My First Semester Of Nursing - 885 Words

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